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Journal of Dental Research Apr 2010Dental caries in pre-school children has significant public health and health disparity implications. To determine microbial risk markers for this infection, this study...
Dental caries in pre-school children has significant public health and health disparity implications. To determine microbial risk markers for this infection, this study aimed to compare the microbiota of children with early childhood caries with that of caries-free children. Plaque samples from incisors, molars, and the tongue from 195 children attending pediatricians' offices were assayed by 74 DNA probes and by PCR to Streptococcus mutans. Caries-associated factors included visible plaque, child age, race, and snacking habits. Species were detected more frequently from tooth than tongue samples. Lactobacillus gasseri (p < 0.01), Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus vaginalis, and S. mutans with Streptococcus sobrinus (all p < 0.05) were positively associated with caries. By multifactorial analysis, the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus was negatively associated with caries. Prevotella nigrescens was the only species (p < 0.05) significantly associated with caries by the 'false discovery' rate. Analysis of the data suggests that selected Lactobacillus species, in addition to mutans streptococci, are risk markers for early childhood caries.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Activity Tests; Dental Plaque; Ethnicity; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactobacillus; Male; Pediatrics; Risk Factors; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus
PubMed: 20164496
DOI: 10.1177/0022034509360010 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2022Jianpi-Qushi-Heluo formula (JQHF) has been used to treat idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in hospitals for many years.
BACKGROUND
Jianpi-Qushi-Heluo formula (JQHF) has been used to treat idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) in hospitals for many years.
PURPOSE
Elucidating the protective effect and exploring the potential mechanism of JQHF against IMN.
METHODS
Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) was induced in rats by a single tail vein injection of anti-Fx1A antiserum. Then, the animals were treated with JQHF at 16.2 g/kg or 32.4 g/kg, with benzepril (10 mg/kg) as a positive control. Renal function was evaluated by biochemical measurements and pathological testing. Fecal samples were collected before and after treatment to analyze the gut microbiota composition by shotgun whole metagenome sequencing.
RESULTS
JQHF exhibited potent efficacy in ameliorating PHN at both doses, as revealed by decreasing the deposition of IgG and C5b-9, relieving podocyte injury, and reducing glomerular and tubular cell apoptosis. The lower dose was corresponding to the clinical dosage and showed better therapeutic effects than the higher dose. Metagenomic analysis showed that gavage with 16.2 g/kg of JQHF shifted the structure of the gut microbiota in PHN rats and significantly increased the relative abundances of Prevotella copri, Lactobacillus vaginalis and Subdoligranulum variabile. Particularly, S. variabile was strongly negatively correlated with serum levels of TC and TG, the deposition of IgG and C5b-9, and apoptosis of glomerular cells.
CONCLUSIONS
The JQHF is an effective agent for the treatment of experimental PHN. The PHN-allevating effect of JQHF is associated with specific alternation of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Oxidative Stress; Podocytes; Rats; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34861636
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112475 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018Isoleucine 2-epimerase (ILEP) is a novel branched-chain amino acid racemase isolated from . In this study, we examined production of free d-branched-chain amino acids...
Isoleucine 2-epimerase (ILEP) is a novel branched-chain amino acid racemase isolated from . In this study, we examined production of free d-branched-chain amino acids such as d-valine, d-leucine, and d--isoleucine, using lactic acid bacteria carrying homologs to ILEP. Twelve selected strains of lactic acid bacteria were grown at optimal growth temperatures and accumulation of d-branched-chain amino acids in the medium was monitored in exponential, early stationary, and stationary phases. To analyze the d-branched-chain amino acids, enantiomers in the medium were initially converted into diastereomers using pre-column derivatization with -phthaldialdehyde plus -isobutyryl-l-cysteine. The resultant fluorescent isoindole derivatives were analyzed on an octadecylsilyl stationary phase using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The analyses revealed that the seven following lactic acid bacteria carrying homologs showing 53-60% amino acid sequence identity to the ILEP accumulate d-branched-chain amino acids: and produce d-valine, d-leucine, and d--isoleucine; subsp. , and subsp. accumulate d-leucine and d--isoleucine; and and produce d--isoleucine. These results suggest that d-branched-chain amino acids are produced by a variety of lactic acid bacteria species, particularly those carrying homologs to the ILEP.
PubMed: 30057575
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01540 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Mar 2020Dental caries is considered as one of the most significant global health problem over the world. Dental caries initiates from bacterial shifts within the supragingival...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is considered as one of the most significant global health problem over the world. Dental caries initiates from bacterial shifts within the supragingival biofilm, then a polymicrobial biofilm is formed on the surface of tooth, and finally various bacterial species aggregate in a complex-organized manner. The exploiting variability in 16S rRNA gene sequence has been considered as a cost-efficient high-throughput characterization approach in human oral microbiome investigations. The aim of this study is to characterize bacterial species associated with superficial dental biofilm, underlying carious dentine and root caries lesion by16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Herein, the bacterial communities in carious dentin lesion, biofilm and root canal samples of 30 subjects (aged 4-76 years) admitted to a clinic in Tehran during 2017 were investigated using a culture independent approach. Total genomic DNA of each tissue was subjected to metagenomic identification of bacteria using a nested PCR assay and 16S rRNA library construction method.
RESULTS
31 samples collected from 30 consenting patients (29 samples from 29 patients ant two biofilm samples from one patient). Bioinformatics analyses of a-800bp sequences of the second step of Nested-PCR revealed presence of 156 bacterial isolates in carious (n=45), biofilm (n=81) and root canal (n=30) specimens. Prevotella spp., Lactobacillus vaginalis, and streptococcus spp. showed higher prevalence in carious dentin, root and biofilm samples, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Exploring the dental microbiota and comparing them in health or diseased conditions is critical step in the determination of human general health. The method applied in this study could identify bacteria related to the three dental lesions. However, due to lack of data for comparison in Genbank or because of the sequence similarity lower than 98% for most identified bacteria, the use of more powerful approaches like NGS platforms or typing of multiple loci (MLST) in future studies is recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Humans; Iran; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Young Adult
PubMed: 32040467
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23326 -
BMC Research Notes Dec 2013Bacteriophages infection modulates microbial consortia and transduction is one of the most important mechanism involved in the bacterial evolution. However, phage...
BACKGROUND
Bacteriophages infection modulates microbial consortia and transduction is one of the most important mechanism involved in the bacterial evolution. However, phage contamination brings food fermentations to a halt causing economic setbacks. The number of phage genome sequences of lactic acid bacteria especially of lactobacilli is still limited. We analysed the genome of a temperate phage active on Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, the predominant strain in type I sourdough fermentations.
RESULTS
Sequencing of the DNA of EV3 phage revealed a genome of 34,834 bp and a G + C content of 36.45%. Of the 43 open reading frames (ORFs) identified, all but eight shared homology with other phages of lactobacilli. A similar genomic organization and mosaic pattern of identities align EV3 with the closely related Lactobacillus vaginalis ATCC 49540 prophage. Four unknown ORFs that had no homologies in the databases or predicted functions were identified. Notably, EV3 encodes a putative dextranase.
CONCLUSIONS
EV3 is the first L. sanfranciscensis phage that has been completely sequenced so far.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Base Sequence; Genome, Viral; Lactobacillus; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny
PubMed: 24308641
DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-514 -
Microbiome Jul 2019Early treatment is key for optimizing the therapeutic success of drugs, and the current initiating treatment that blocks the progression of bone destruction during the...
BACKGROUND
Early treatment is key for optimizing the therapeutic success of drugs, and the current initiating treatment that blocks the progression of bone destruction during the pre-arthritic stages remains unsatisfactory. The microbial disorder in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is significantly reversed with effective treatment. Modulating aberrant gut microbiomes into a healthy state is a potential therapeutic approach for preventing bone damage.
RESULTS
By using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and a metagenome-wide association study, we assessed the effect of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) on the induction of arthritis as well as on the associated gut microbiota and immune disorders in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. Treatment of AIA rats with L. casei inhibited joint swelling, lowered arthritis scores, and prevented bone destruction. Along with the relief of arthritis symptoms, dysbiosis in the microbiome of arthritic rats was significantly reduced after L. casei intervention. The relative abundance of AIA-decreased Lactobacillus strains, including Lactobacillus hominis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus vaginalis, were restored to normal and Lactobacillus acidophilus was upregulated by the administration of L. casei to the AIA rats. Moreover, L. casei downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are closely linked to the effect of the L. casei treatment-associated microbes. Functionally, the maintenance of the redox balance of oxidative stress was involved in the improvement in the L. casei-treated AIA rats.
CONCLUSION
A single bacterium, L. casei (ATCC334), was able to significantly suppress the induction of AIA and protect bones from destruction in AIA rats by restoring the microbiome dysbiosis in the gut, indicating that using probiotics may be a promising strategy for treating RA, especially in the early stage of the disease.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Diseases; Cytokines; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillales; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Metagenome; Oxidative Stress; Probiotics; Rats
PubMed: 31315667
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0719-1 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Aug 2023Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. The cervico-vaginal microbiome may influence the development of...
PURPOSE
Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. The cervico-vaginal microbiome may influence the development of (pre)cancer lesions. Aim of the study was (i) to evaluate the new CC screening program in Germany for the detection of high-grade CC precursor lesions, and (ii) to elucidate the role of the cervico-vaginal microbiome and its potential impact on cervical dysplasia.
METHODS
The microbiome of 310 patients referred to colposcopy was determined by amplicon sequencing and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.
RESULTS
Most patients were referred for colposcopy due to a positive hrHPV result in two consecutive years combined with a normal PAP smear. In 2.1% of these cases, a CIN III lesion was detected. There was a significant positive association between the PAP stage and Lactobacillus vaginalis colonization and between the severity of CC precursor lesions and Ureaplasma parvum.
CONCLUSION
In our cohort, the new cervical cancer screening program resulted in a low rate of additional CIN III detected. It is questionable whether these cases were only identified earlier with additional HPV testing before the appearance of cytological abnormalities, or the new screening program will truly increase the detection rate of CIN III in the long run. Colonization with U. parvum was associated with histological dysplastic lesions. Whether targeted therapy of this pathogen or optimization of the microbiome prevents dysplasia remains speculative.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Vaginal Smears; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Mass Screening
PubMed: 36780053
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04599-0 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Feb 2019The Lactobacillus vaginalis LMG S-26419 strain, also named CBA-L88 (BV2), was isolated at the AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies laboratories from a vaginal swab...
The Lactobacillus vaginalis LMG S-26419 strain, also named CBA-L88 (BV2), was isolated at the AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies laboratories from a vaginal swab obtained from a healthy woman. The total genome size is 1,806,242 bp with a G+C content of 40.6%.
PubMed: 30834369
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01534-18 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2007Lactobacilli play an important role in maintaining vaginal health of women. The aim of this study was to compare the species richness and relative abundance of...
AIMS
Lactobacilli play an important role in maintaining vaginal health of women. The aim of this study was to compare the species richness and relative abundance of Lactobacillus and other lactic acid bacteria in women of two geographically distant countries, Uganda and Korea.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Vaginal samples were obtained from two women populations in Uganda and Korea. The Lactobacillus Rogosa SL agar was used for initial isolation of lactic acid bacteria. After phenotypic analyses, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase-chain reaction and analysed by the BLAST program and phylogenetic tree construction. A total of 338 (128 Korean and 210 Ugandan) vaginal lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated, including five genera: Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Weissella. While Lactobacillus crispatus was common in both populations, Lactobacillus fermentum was common only in Korean women, and Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis only in Ugandan women. Among other lactic acid bacteria, Weissella was more common in Ugandan, and Pediococcus in Korean women. All Weissella strains produced hydrogen peroxide, and all Pediococcus strains inhibited Candida species.
CONCLUSION
Although many lactic acid bacteria colonize women, their species distributions may be different in women of geographically separated communities.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The knowledge of species richness and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella, may lead to the design of better probiotic products as bacterial replacement therapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Korea; Lactobacillus; Pediococcus; Phylogeny; Probiotics; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Uganda; Vagina
PubMed: 17381754
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03147.x -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology May 2000A specific multiplex PCR assay based on the amplification of parts of the 16S rRNA molecule was designed. Primers derived from variable regions of the 16S rRNA provided...
A specific multiplex PCR assay based on the amplification of parts of the 16S rRNA molecule was designed. Primers derived from variable regions of the 16S rRNA provided a means of easily differentiating the species Lactobacillus pontis and Lactobacillus panis. They could be clearly discriminated from the phylogenetically related species Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus oris, and Lactobacillus reuteri and from other lactobacilli commonly known to be present in sourdough. Other strains isolated together with L. pontis from an industrial sourdough fermentation could be clearly separated from these species by comparative sequence analysis and construction of a specific PCR primer. For a fast identification a DNA isolation protocol based on the ultrasonic lysis of cells from single colonies was developed. To demonstrate the potential of such techniques for tracking these organisms in a laboratory-scale fermentation, we combined the specific PCR assay with direct DNA extraction from the organisms in the sourdough without previous cultivation.
Topics: Bread; DNA Primers; Fermentation; Lactobacillus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 10788389
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.66.5.2113-2116.2000